The Child Jesus in the manger - Andrea Mantegna Memo.

Andrea Mantegna is a representative painter of the 15th century Italian Renaissance, particularly of the Padua School. Known for his sculptural depictions of the human figure, strict perspective, and a style based on a deep knowledge of ancient Roman art, he brought innovation to early Renaissance painting.

Andrea Mantegna Biography

• He was born around 1431 in Isola di Carturo (near present-day Piazzola sul Brenta) in the Republic of Venice.

• Around 1442, he entered the workshop of the Padua painter Francesco Squarcione, becoming his apprentice and then his adopted son. In Squarcione's workshop, he came into contact with ancient Roman art and was deeply influenced by it.

• In 1448, at the age of 17, he became independent and began the major project of painting the frescoes for the Ovetari Chapel in Padua (largely destroyed in World War II).

• In 1453, he married Nicolosia Bellini, daughter of Jacopo Bellini, the founder of the Venetian school, and became brothers-in-law to Giovanni Bellini and Gentile Bellini.

• In 1460, he was invited to become a court painter by Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua, and moved to Mantua, where he served the Gonzaga family for the rest of his life.

• Between 1465 and 1474 he created groundbreaking frescoes depicting the members of the Gonzaga family in the Camera degli Sposi (Marriage Hall) in the Doge's Palace in Mantua.

• He died in Mantua on September 13, 1506 , at the age of 75.

Representative works

• San Zeno Altarpiece (1556-59)

• Ceiling and wall paintings in the Marriage Chamber (1465-74)

• "Dead Christ" (c. 1480)

• Parnassus (1497)

• "The Triumph of Caesar" (c. 1480-95)

Mantegna's work is characterized by its rigid, sculptural depictions of figures, almost as if they were carved from marble. This reflects the tradition of the Padua School, in which he studied, and the influence of sculptors such as Donatello. He also frequently used bold compositions that made full use of foreshortening. In particular, in "Dead Christ," he depicts Christ's body from an extreme perspective, looking up from the feet, leaving a strong impression on the viewer.

Mantegna's profound knowledge of ancient Roman culture and art is at the core of his art, and his scholarship is evident in the themes and detailed decoration of his works. In "The Chamber of Consorts," which he created as court painter for the Gonzaga family, he used the trompe l'oeil technique to paint on the ceiling, creating the illusion that the ceiling had opened up to reveal a vast expanse of blue sky, an innovative attempt at spatial expression. His rigorous and powerful style had a major influence on northern artists such as his brother-in-law Giovanni Bellini and Albrecht Dürer.